Brief biography of abraham lincoln
Cybele's lover was Attis, and her jealousy caused him to castrate and kill himself. His blood was the source of the first violets, and divine intervention allowed Attis to be resurrected by Cybele, with some help from Zeus. Thanks to this resurrection story, Cybele came to be associated with the endless cycle of life, death and rebirth.
In some areas, there is still an annual three-day celebration of Attis' rebirth and Cybele's power around the time of the spring equinox , called the Hilaria. Like Attis, it is said that Cybele's followers would work themselves into orgiastic frenzies and then ritually castrate themselves. After this, these priests donned women's clothing, and assumed female identities.
They became known as the Gallai. In some regions, female priestesses led Cybele's dedicants in rituals involving ecstatic music, drumming and dancing. Under the leadership of Augustus Caesar, Cybele became extremely popular. Augustus erected a giant temple in her honor on the Palatine Hill, and the statue of Cybele that is in the temple bears the face of Augustus' wife, Livia.
As the Roman Empire spread, deities of other cultures found themselves absorbed into Roman religion. In the case of Cybele, she later took on many aspects of the Egyptian goddess Isis. She was born as an hermaphrodite named Agdistis who was castrated by the gods to become the goddess Kybele. The Phrygian sky-god is identified with the Greek Zeus in Pausanias' account of the myth.
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Pausanias, Description of Greece 7. Jones Greek travelogue C2nd A. Zeus [i. They call the daimon Agdistis [Kybele]. But the gods, fearing Agdistis, cut off the male organ. There grew up from it an almond-tree with its fruit ripe, and a daughter of the river Saggarios Sangarius , they say, took the fruit and laid it in her bosom, when it at once disappeared, but she was with child.
A boy [Attis] was born. They call the daimon Agdistis. A boy was born, and exposed, but wastended by a he-goat. As he grew up his beauty was more than human, and Agdistis [Kybele] fell in love with him.
Biography of john f. kennedy: Cybele (/ ˈ s ɪ b əl iː / SIB-ə-lee; [1] Phrygian: Matar Kubileya, Kubeleya "Kubeleya Mother", perhaps "Mountain Mother"; [2] Lydian: Kuvava; Greek: Κυβέλη Kybélē, Κυβήβη Kybēbē, Κύβελις Kybelis) is an Anatolian mother goddess; she may have a possible forerunner in the earliest neolithic at Çatalhöyük.
When he had grown up, Attis was sent by his relatives to Pessinos [city in Phrygia], that he might wed the king's daughter. The marriage-song was being sung, when Agdistis appeared, and Attis went mad and cut off his genitals, as also did he who was giving him his daughter in marriage. But Agdistis repented of what she had done to Attis, and persuaded Zeus to grant the body of Attis should neither rot at all nor decay.
These are the most popular forms of the legend of Attis. The Anacreontea, Fragment 12 trans. Campbell, Vol. Ovid, Metamorphoses Melville Roman epic C1st B. Cybele], since in this tree Attis Cybeleius of Cybele doffed his human shape and stiffened in its trunk.
Ovid, Fasti 4. Boyle Roman poetry C1st B. She wanted to keep him as her shrine's guardian, and said, "Desire to be a boy always. She slashes the tree and cuts the Naiad down. The Naiad dies: her fate was the tree's. He goes mad, and imagines that the bedroom roof is falling and bolts to Dindymus' heights.
He cries, "Away torches! He even hacked his body with a jagged stone, and dragged his long hair in squalid dirt, shouting, "I deserved it; my blood is the penalty. Ah, death to the parts which have ruined me! Suddenly no signs of manhood remained. His madness became a model: soft-skinned acolytes toss their hair and cut their worthless organs.
Kybele was the mother of the Phrygian god Sabazios--who the Greeks identified with Dionysos. As the Greek god had a different genealogy, the Phrygian myths were adapted to describe Mother Rhea as his nurse and mentor. Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 3.
Cybele goddess biography of abraham lincoln
Taurobolium and Criobolium [ edit ]. Priesthoods [ edit ]. Temples [ edit ]. Greece [ edit ]. Rome and its provinces [ edit ]. Myths, theology, and cosmology [ edit ]. In popular culture [ edit ]. See also [ edit ]. Footnotes [ edit ]. Retrieved December 15, Beekes , Etymological Dictionary of Greek , Brill, , p.
Vermaseren ; of this iconic type Walter Burkert says "The iconography found leads directly to the image of Kybele sitting upon her throne between two lions" Burkert, Homo Necans This displaces the root meaning of "Cybele" as "she of the hair": see C. She was worshipped at Carchemish , and her name was Hellenized as Kybebe. Motz , pp.
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Roller , pp. The Magnesians say that it was made by Broteas the son of Tantalus. See also Roller , pp. Greek cults and Greek art associate this "Phrygian" costume with several non-Greek, "oriental" peoples, including their erstwhile foes, the Persians and Trojans. In some Greek states, Attis was met with outright hostility; but his vaguely "Trojan" associations would have been counted in his favour for the eventual promotion of his Roman cult.
See Roller , pp. See also Roscoe , pp. Roller offers Agdistis as Phrygian Kybele's personal name. For discussion and critique on this and other complex narrative, cultic and mythological links among Cybele, Agdistis, and Attis, see Lancellotti, Maria Grazia, Brill, Attis, between myth and history: king, priest, and God, Archived at the Wayback Machine Brill, See Johnston, in Lane , pp.
Pan is a "natural companion" for Cybele, and there is evidence of their joint cults. Varro's Lingua Latina , 6. Ovid Fasti 4. For discussion of problems attendant on such precise claims of origin, see Tacaks, in Lane , pp. See also Summers, in Lane , pp. Attis' many votive statuettes at Cybele's Roman temple are evidence of his early, possibly private Roman cult.
A version of Demeter 's Thesmophoria was incorporated within the Roman cults to Ceres at around the same; Greek priestesses were brought to run the cult "for the benefit of the Roman state". See also Roller , p. For statue description, see Summers, in Lane , pp.
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See Roller , p. See Takacs, in Lane , p. Cary, Loeb, , 2, 19, 3 — 5. See also commentary in Roller , p. See also Summers, K. Henry Paris, , p. The Gaianum was a track used by Caligula for chariot exercises. Salzman p. For online Latin text and English translation of Catullus's poem 63, see vroma. Possible Greek precursors for the taurobolium are attested around BC in Asia Minor, including Pergamum , and at Ilium the traditional site of ancient Troy , which some Romans assumed as their own and Cybele's "native" city.
The form of taurobolium presented by later Roman sources probably developed over time, and was not unique to Magna Mater — one was given at Puteoli in AD to honour Venus Caelestia C. Some scholarship defines the Criobolium as a rite of Attis; but some dedication slabs show the bull's garlanded head Taurobolium with a ram's Criobolium , and no mention of Attis.
Beard, p. Cameron , p. This priestly "dynasty" may have begun around the 3rd century BC. Augustine, Book 7, 26, in Augustine, trans. Theodore of Amasea". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Encyclopedia Press. Archived from the original on Retrieved GP Goold, London, 2.
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